Thomas Corwin

Thomas Corwin (July 29, 1794 – December 18, 1865), also known as Tom Corwin and The Wagon Boy, was a politician from the state of Ohio who served as a prosecuting attorney, a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, the United States House of Representatives, and the United States Senate, and as the 15th Governor of Ohio 20th Secretary of the Treasury, and United States Ambassador to Mexico.

Biography

Corwin, son of Matthias Corwin (1761-1829), and whose brother Moses Bledso Corwin and nephew Franklin Corwin were also U.S. Representatives, was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, and moved with his parents to Lebanon, Ohio, in 1798. During the War of 1812, he served as a wagon boy in General William Henry Harrison's Army.

He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1817, commencing practice in Lebanon; he was prosecuting attorney of Warren County from 1818 to 1828.

In 1822-1823 and 1829, he was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, where he made a spirited speech against the introduction of the whipping post into Ohio.^[1] In 1830 he was elected as a Whig to the U.S. House of Representatives and served from March 4, 1831, until his resignation, effective May 30, 1840, having become a candidate for Governor of Ohio. Known for his sharp wit, debating skills and endless campaigning, he was elected Governor in 1840, defeating incumbent Wilson Shannon. Shannon defeated Corwin in a rematch just two years later.

Corwin was a Presidential elector in 1844 for Clay/Frelinghuysen.^[2]

Corwin was also a member of the United States Senate, having been appointed by the Ohio General Assembly as a Whig and served from March 4, 1845 to July 20, 1850. As a legislator he spoke seldom, but always with great ability, his most famous speech being that of the February 11, 1847, opposing the Mexican-American War.^[3]

Thomas Corwin, as quoted by Canadian humorist Stephen Leacock --

He resigned from the Senate to become President Millard Fillmore's Secretary of the Treasury shortly after the death of President Zachary Taylor. Like his immediate predecessor, William M. Meredith, Corwin believed in a protective tariff, but he did not want to make sudden or drastic changes in the free-trade tariff law of 1846. He objected to that law's provisions, which taxed some imported raw materials at a higher rate than the imported manufactured goods made from those materials, stating in a report to Congress that such provisions certainly take from the manufacturer and artisan that encouragement which the present law was intended to afford. As a longtime Whig, however, Corwin was unsuccessful in passing any tariff legislation in a Congress controlled by Democrats. He retired as Secretary at the end of Filmore's administration.

In 1857, former Ohio Governor William Bebb shot a man and was tried in 1858 for manslaughter in Winnebago County, Illinois, where he lived. Corwin and co-council Judge William Johnston obtained an acquittal with an argument of self-defense.^[4]

He was again elected to the House of Representatives in 1858, and returned to that body as a Republican and served from March 4, 1859 to March 12, 1861. In 1860, he was chairman of the House “Committee of Thirty-three,” consisting of one member from each state, and appointed to consider the condition of the nation and, if possible, to devise some scheme for reconciling the North and the South.^[3]

He resigned only a few days into the 37th Congress after being appointed by the newly inaugurated President Abraham Lincoln to become Minister to Mexico, where he served until 1864. Corwin, well regarded among the Mexican public for his opposition to the Mexican-American War while in the Senate, helped keep relations with the Mexicans friendly throughout the course of the Civil War, despite Confederate efforts to sway their allegiances.

After resigning from his post as Minister, he settled in Washington, D.C., and practiced law until his death at age 71. His interment was in Lebanon Cemetery, Lebanon, Ohio.

Thomas Corwin is remembered chiefly as an orator.^[3] His speeches both on the stump and in debate were examples of remarkable eloquence.^[5] He is perhaps also remembered for his sponsorship during the 36th Congress in early 1861 of the proposed Corwin amendment to the United States Constitution which remains to this day technically still pending for ratification before the state legislatures. That amendment would have prohibited any amendments to the Constitution from interfering with slavery in the United States. When it was approved by Congress and sent out to the state legislatures for consideration, it was a last-ditch effort to avert the outbreak of the Civil War.

References

1. ^ Alexander K. McClure, ed (1902). Famous American Statesmen & Orators. VI. New York: F. F. Lovell Publishing Company. pp. 43. 
2. ^ Taylor 1899 : 255
3. ^ ^{a b c}  Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Corwin, Thomas". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
4. ^ Johnston, William (1887). Arguments to courts and juries, 1846-1874. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke and Company. pp. 114–115. http://books.google.com/books?id=uj0MAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA114. 
5. ^  "Corwin, Thomas". New International Encyclopedia. 1905. 

• Thomas Corwin at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Information about Thomas Corwin, from the U.S. Treasury Department

• Allen, William B. (1872). A History of Kentucky: Embracing Gleanings, Reminiscences, Antiquities, Natural Curiosities, Statistics, and Biographical Sketches of Pioneers, Soldiers, Jurists, Lawyers, Statesmen, Divines, Mechanics, Farmers, Merchants, and Other Leading Men, of All Occupations and Pursuits. Bradley & Gilbert. pp. 271–272. http://books.google.com/books?id=s_wTAAAAYAAJ. Retrieved 2008-11-10. 
• Taylor, William Alexander; Taylor, Aubrey Clarence (1899). Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900 .... 1. State of Ohio. p. 255. http://books.google.com/books?id=ztegAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA255. 

External links

• Thomas Corwin at Find a Grave
•  "Corwin, Thomas". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920. 
• The Speeches of Thomas Corwin, with a Sketch of his Life